Showing posts with label 'ahab love. Show all posts
Showing posts with label 'ahab love. Show all posts

Tuesday, March 18, 2014

Must God's love being seen in me?

Is God’s love being seen in me?  It is referring to whether or NOT people can see or NOT, God’s love in us (or me).  It is NOT primarily asking if God’s love for us (or me) is seen in us (or me).  It is whether God’s love for others is seen in us.  And so, it presupposes God has love for others, apart from us (or me).  Does God have love for others, apart from us (or me)?  We are crazy to think that God only love us (or me), and NOT others!

The love of God is for all men
John 3:16 said it all, that God so loved the world that He gave His one and only begotten Son, Jesus Christ, to die on the cross, so that whoever believes in Him, may have eternal life.  The world is definitely NOT just us (or me)?  It is all men, in general.  There is another verse in Scripture paralleling this understanding.  1 Tim 2:4 – {God our Savior} who wants all men to be saved and to come to a knowledge of the truth.  Or this: 1 John 2:2 - And he is the propitiation for our sins: and not for ours only, but also for the sins of the whole world.

For the stubbornly unrighteous, God ultimately cannot love him
So, please, we should stop thinking we (or I) am so special that God loves only us (or me).  We are (or I am) special, but he is and she is, too.  God’s love for me and for you is the same.  God’s love for men is defined in the Hebrew love word, ‘ahab love, as love unto righteousness (For a more detailed exposition of this ‘ahab love, read: ‘ahab love – love unto righteousness).  The righteousness there, is His righteousness, and this love, is defined independently of who (men) we are referring to.  And so, it is about us, men, coming into this love of God.  Another way of putting it, if you are a man, and you are righteous, God cannot but love you.  And if one remains stubbornly unrighteous, God ultimately cannot love him.

The story of Job – a most righteous man
This is how God allowed Job to be spoken of (Job 1:1): In the land of Uz there lived a man whose name was Job. This man was blameless and upright; he feared God and shunned evil.

In other words, Job was the most righteous man in the land.  If you meditate on this, with the knowledge and understanding of the story of Job as detailed in that Book, and believe, as it is defined for us, the love of God (‘ahab love), you will appreciate the love of God is so incongruent with the many ideas of love, from the world.  The love of God has one aim and only one aim in mind, to maintain and foster greater righteousness in us (or grow the holiness in us). 

All the ways and manners and even all the particular things that have been or will be allowed to happen in our lives, including (Job, an good example) loss of wealth, loved ones, and even health, God has NOT precluded Himself from employing (it does NOT necessarily mean God caused it), so long as it goes towards maintaining or growing in you, righteousness; the only condition is that He cannot be unholy or He cannot be evil in anyway.

Let your mind and understanding be expanded
I hope this exposition will expand readers’ understanding of the love of God.  One benefit is that we can get a better understanding of what is going on in our lives, when we are told we are having a God who loves us; and that God is NOT “playing favourite” in His love; it is to the degree you are righteous, you will experience the degree of His love, as the degree of your righteousness puts you into the degree of the fullness of God’s love.  The fullness of God’s love is there all the time, it is we have to step into that fullness, and we cannot do that, if we are NOT righteous.  Over and on top of that, the grace and mercy of God flow out to us to help us along, all subjugated to the demands of God’s own holiness.

It opens our spiritual eyes to see how far we are from the fullness of God’s love, and even as we journey greater into that fullness, we should want others to experience that love of God, too, and we should want also, to give understanding to others, about how God loves men, so that we encourage men to move towards and into the fullness of God’s love, which is the will of God.  You may say, “But why?”  As that Job story shows, God does NOT take His eyes off the one who is righteous, despite whatever afflictions have been allowed to hit him, and when the person’s righteousness stand, the love of God will bless most abundantly (you can read, in the end, how Job was doubly blessed by God).  The greater blessings, however, many somehow, often forget, are God, through the Holy Spirit, sheds His peace and joy abroad in our hearts, meanwhile, and at the appointed time, brings us to be with Him, in Heaven, as a consummation of the Love Story, the Gospel. 

It is NOT about you, and it is about you
“Bro Anthony, ok, I get what you saying here, but what does it got to do with whether or NOT God’s love is being seen in me or NOT?”  Firstly, I hope we are clear it is NOT about you and I, and it is about you and I! 

It is NOT about you and I, in the sense it is NOT about our love for another man.  It is about God’s love for another man.  And it is about you and I, for we have joined God in the Love Story, when (and only when) we have been justified; and that gets us, the imputed righteousness of Christ Jesus.  In simple terms, you and I entered into the Love Story on becoming a Christian (we been justified and adopted into the Story). 

The Love Story
The Story is about God loving men and men loving God back; it is NOT just God loving you (or me) and you (or I) loving Him back.  Yes, there is the personal dimension, and yet, the big picture or corporate dimension is that God is after men, NOT just you and I.  I repeat, it is NOT about your love or my love for another man. 

A US pastor, a “long-distance friend” of mine (his blog I followed regularly), Ps Prentis, wrote recently on the same theme. I commented on his blog that he was cute(!) when he expressed, “We think that [our] love produces love in others until we remember junior high.”  It is about His love, like the author of this song said it:

Oh, I love you with the love of the Lord,
Yes, I love you with the love of the Lord;
I can see in you the glory of my king,
Yes, I love you with the love of the Lord

It is all, to be truly righteous
Actually, how can one be truly righteous, if he loves another with his (own) love? The very 1st commandment, he fails, for that commandment calls for us to love God back with all our heart, soul, mind and strength.  And when we are NOT truly righteous, we have NOT yet come into the fullness of God’s love.  To be truly righteous, we have to love God with all our love.

When we do love someone with our love, we do NOT love God with our all!  Some people actually would say the Scripture is self-contradicting or is oxymoron, arguing that the very 1st and 2nd commandments of God are oxymoron – God’s asking is in contradiction.  I say the author of the above song got it right, it is when we love another, NOT with our own love, but the love of the Lord, that there is no contradiction in the two love commandments. 

What is the “new” in Jesus’ saying
God knows the hearts of men (Acts 1:24) [thinking that there is contradiction], and Jesus shed some light on this:  Jesus said that he was giving the people a new command, but what He gave was the same 2 love commands as in Deu 6:5 and Lev 19:18.  But Jesus did say “new”; so what was new about the love commandments?  The 1st commandment was the same (Deu 6:5 did NOT have “mind”, explicitly), but we read this in John 13:34: “A new command I give you: Love one another. AS I HAVE LOVED YOU, so you must love one another.

Therein, is what was new about Jesus’ command: We are to love one another, in the same way He loved the disciples.  How did Jesus love the disciples?  He loved them with the love of the Father God.  Jesus’s love for the Father was a total sell-out, doing His will, even to die on the Cross, a cruel death; why?  Because that is the Father God’s love for us, men.  Jesus loved His disciples with the love of the Father God.

Jesus, our model
So? So, it is NOT about we love another man or whomever man, with our love; it is we love another with the love of the Lord.  Jesus is our model: He loved with the Father’s love; He did the will of the Father.  We? We to love with the love of the Lord; we to do His will (Of course, the Lord and the Father has once again, are one, and one with the Holy Spirit; For a season, the Lord laid down His deity, that was when he lived as a man).

Must I?
“Ok, bro Anthony, now I understand I am to love with the love of the Lord, just as Jesus loved, with the love of the Father God; but must I love, so that the Lord’s love can be seen in me?” Yes, you and I must. 

When we look at the Strong’s Lexicon on ‘ahab love (God’s kinda of love), we find our reciprocal love for God is also to be unto righteousness.  Love is bounded together with righteousness.  And so, we see in Scripture, Jesus defined loving God this way (John 14:15 & 21): He who loves me obeys my commands, and He who obeys my commands is the one who loves me. 

The righteousness of God (what God wants done and the time it is to be done) is explicit to us in His commands; that is why Jesus tied love to obeying His commands.  So, we ask: Is it His command we to love one another?  Yes, the John 14:34 made it explicit (“A new command I give you: Love one another. AS I HAVE LOVED YOU, so you must love one another).  When you and I don’t obey His commands, say, this “love one another” command, we are NOT being righteous (righteousness, simply, is being spot on with God, with what He wants), and that translates automatically to, we are NOT loving God fully, and we won’t be at the fullness of His love for us.

Love for God, righteousness, and love one another, altogether
1 John 3:10 (KJV) spells it out clearly: In this the children of God are manifest, and the children of the devil: whosoever doeth not righteousness is not of God, neither he that loveth not his brother.

We can see, NOT loving one another, being singled out as NOT practising righteousness.  Another angle to view this, is that righteousness of God necessarily includes God wanting us to love one another.  In other words, loving one another is always in the righteousness of God, NOT just sometimes.  Viewing in another way, we cannot go wrong when we practice loving one another; and it is consistent with this verse (Rom 13:10 KJV): “Love worketh no ill to his neighbour: therefore love is the fulfilling of the law.

The righteousness of God cannot be working any ill; and love, being always in the righteousness of God, therefore, cannot be working any ill; and so, love is said to be fulfilling of the law, for the law is for righteousness and against ills.  In this way, too, we have the understanding of some of the similar verses in Scripture, like the ones below:

Gal 5:14 - For the entire law is fulfilled in keeping this one command: "Love your neighbor as yourself."
James 2:8 - If you really keep the royal law found in Scripture, "Love your neighbor as yourself," you are doing right {practising righteousness}.

On top of 1 John 3:10, the apostle John also similarly linked loving God, keeping His commandments, and loving one another together, in 1 John 5:2 (KJV) – “By this we know that we love the children of God, when we love God, and keep his commandments.

The flow is very simple:  We are to love God with our all (the 1st commandment – love God commandment). We love God by obeying His prescription for us and doing His will, and His prescription and will are in His commandments, and foremost and always, in His righteousness (or what He wants), is we to love one another, and so, when we truly love God and so, keep His commandments, we would have kept this love thy neighbour commandment (2nd commandment), and so, we are loving one another or His children.

If NOT
What does it mean when God’s love is NOT seen in us?
In matter of degree, these:
We are NOT practicing righteousness
We are NOT obeying His commands
We are NOT loving God, as we are NOT loving one another
We are NOT getting ourselves into the fullness of His love
We hinder our own sanctification
We have NOT identified with Him (borrowing Ps Prentis’ words)

The end for one who is righteous and so, is loving God, is being loved by God, and it is beautiful; and his journey on earth, meanwhile, will be with God’s cover over him, and he is at peace and with joy, in and of the Holy Spirit, as he is in alignment with the Spirit of God.  Be that one, and God will have His children, all like His Son, our Lord, Jesus Christ.



Anthony Chia, high.expressions

Comments are welcome here. Alternatively, email them to me @: high.expressions@gmail.com Or just email me your email address so that I can put you on my blog (new entry) notification list. To go back to blog main page, click here. 
  

Sunday, October 13, 2013

God’s love is max. out; ours, to grow

We should know that the extent of God’s love and men’s love are different; God’s love is max. out, while for men, our love need to be grown, in term of extent, as well as, its wholesomeness or correctness.

God’s love does NOT go through growth, like He loves us, 10% and then 30% and then 70% and then finally 100%; God’s love is 100% or max. out.  That is why we cannot make God love us more.  You may feel or think God loves you less or more, today, but that is NOT the truth, for the truth is that the love of God for you does NOT increase, like when you have done good, or diminish, like when you have done bad (God may like someone more, and someone may have more favour than another, but we will NOT go into this, here.  Also to be noted is that approval and love are NOT the same). 

God does NOT grow; He is arrived, and that includes His love for a person.  When God loves you, He loves you 100%.  You see, it is NOT He loves you less when you are unrighteous; it is that His love for you is love unto righteousness ('ahab love), and so, it is still 100%, although it may appear to you as God has lessened His love for you, when He does NOT accede to your fancy which is unrighteous in His eyes.  The love of God for men is subjugated to His holiness, and so, His righteousness (God’s love for men as love unto righteousness has been covered in a separate article: `ahab love – love unto righteousness, go read it, for understanding).

So, the support for the claim that God’s love is max. out included these:
 
1.   God is arrived; God is perfect; He will NOT need to get better, or can He degrade.  God is the same, yesterday, today and forever.  Some may say there is no direct verse on God is the same, yesterday, today and forever.  But there is one on the Lord, Jesus Christ, and it is Heb 13:8 (“Jesus Christ is the same yesterday and today and forever.”).  The Lord, in His fullness, is one with God (the Father, or the LORD); John 10:30 {Jesus} said so: I and the Father are one."; and so, it is right to say God is the same, yesterday, today and forever. Mal 3:6 reads: "I the LORD do not change. So you, O descendants of Jacob, are not destroyed.; and Rev 1:8, "I am the Alpha and the Omega," says the Lord God, "who is, and who was, and who is to come, the Almighty."

What does it mean when Scripture said that God is the same or does NOT change?  It is referring to the arrived state of God; it is that God is good absolute; cannot get any better. 

Luke 18:18-19 reads:  18A certain ruler asked him, "Good teacher, what must I do to inherit eternal life?"19"Why do you call me good?" Jesus answered. "No one is good--except God alone. Matt 19:17, "Why do you ask me about what is good?" Jesus replied. "There is only One who is good. If you want to enter life, obey the commandments." These 2 texts collectively tell us that the only arrived one and is truly good, and good absolute, is God.  Jesus then, did NOT claim “good” (teacher), because He was NOT in His fullness yet (still was a man).  The resurrected Christ has returned to His fullness. 

Since God is arrived or perfect, He does NOT improve on love, faithfulness, etc. 

2.   God is love.  1 John 4:8 (KJV) - He that loveth not knoweth not God; for God is love.  What does it mean that God is love? What does it mean God is light (1 John 1:5) or wisdom?  When God is love, it does NOT mean God cannot be light or wisdom; God is multi-attributed.  When we say God is light or wisdom or love, it means God is the source of light or wisdom (Pro 2:6, Dan 2:20, James 1:5) or love; and He is the definer or creator or originator of such (light or wisdom or love).   As such, the source, originator and definer, God does NOT increase in love; whatever is there, it is there; it is all there.
 
So, when we want to know true love, where do we look?  God; get to know Him, and His love.  Because God is source, of such, as light, wisdom or love, He can give such, but more often than NOT, we need to (and God expects us to) develop in such, with knowing Him.  For example, we need to develop our capacity to love (God, and one another) or have the capacity restored of its extent and rightness.  Our capacity to love was wrecked (distorted or corrupted) by the Fall of Men, in the Garden of Eden. 

3.   God’s love for men is love unto righteousness ('ahab love).  I have already given the link to my separate article on this, above.  In fact, the understanding of the love of God as such, i.e. love unto righteousness, helps us to understand and reconcile the apparent (NOT real) fluctuation of God’s love for us that we felt or perceived (wrongly). 

God does NOT grow; for us, men, it is different, and the significant difference is that we learn and grow over time, hopefully positively. In other words, for love (this is just one aspect; others included faith, hope, etc), we grow over time.  Our love for God grows over time; it is NOT straightaway we are able to love God 100%.  We love God more and more, as we know Him and understand His love for us, more and more. 


Concerning men's
1 John 4:7-8 - Beloved, let us love one another: for love is of God; and every one that loveth is born of God, and knoweth God. 8 He that loveth not knoweth not God; for God is love.
 
The above calls for us to love one another.  It also stated a number of truths:

1.   Love or the right (kind of) love, is of God.  Or as I commonly quote - God’s kinda of love, it is of God.  

2.   Those who love with God’s kinda of love, are born of God.   

Born of God can simply be viewed as having entered into salvation; much like the saying, “Everyone who believes that Jesus is the Christ is born of God” (1 John 5:1a).  In other words, if you claim you are born of God (or born again), firstly, you must have, at some point in time, believed Jesus is the Christ. If you no longer believe that Jesus is the Christ, you still have been born of God, for you do NOT get unborn (or like going back into the mother’s womb).  That is why born of God is NOT cited as a test if someone is a believer, for being born of God is a one-off event, a past event for every believer, presently not visible and cannot be proved, in the absence of external evidence like the testimony of a witness to the conversion event.   

A visible test which we can use is given in the 1 John 4:7 text, and it is whether the person loves (with God’s kinda of love) or NOT; this is NOT an one-off event, but is of a heart-condition and on-going conduct.  So, a tell-tale sign of one is born of God is that he loves (with God’s kinda of love). 


NOT only a person’s love is a tell-tale sign of one has been born of God, it is also a sign that he knows (ginosko) God.  As have been said, born of God is a one-off past event.  Knowing God, on the other hand, is a progressive endeavour; and so, the extent of one’s love does tell on the extent of one’s knowing of God.  The Amplified Bible version of 1 John 4:7 reads: 

Beloved, let us love one another, for love is (springs) from God; and he who loves [his fellowmen] is begotten (born) of God and is coming [progressively] to know and understand God [to perceive and recognize and get a better and clearer knowledge of Him]. 

In other words, the more we know Him and understand His love for us, the more, the restoration of our capacity to love, and the more we are able to love rightly, with God’s kinda of love ('ahab love), God and fellowmen.  While it is true, for the Word indicated so, that we are NOT able to fully know and understand God (we cannot comprehend Him fully), it is still we are to know Him more and more; and so, too, our love could only be growing more and more, in extent and rightness or purity, and NOT ever arrived; we always can improve, and should want to improve. 

Before we end, I just want to emphasize that the “know” here is the ginosko-know.  For more detailed understanding of the various Greek “know” words, and especially, “ginosko”, you should read: I don’tknow you (you evildoer) – Part I.  Here, I will just say that “ginosko” or know, refers to the knowing and knowledge from personal experiences with God (LORD, Lord or Holy Spirit), and that implies existence of a relation(ship) between the person and God.  The key thing is that a personal experience implies both the person and God are involved.  If you think God is with you in the experience, but He is NOT, that is NOT counted.  Of course, we use our mind in our understanding, but it is clear from the many references to ginosko-know God, in Scripture, we need to know and experience God in a personal way, even as we are to know and understand the logos Word of God. 

Recap:
God’s love for us, is max. out, 100%.  It does NOT grow or diminish, depending on your performance.  Any fluctuation is apparent (NOT real).  The understanding that God’s love for us, men, is love unto righteousness ('ahab love) helps us to correct any mistaken viewpoint that God is loving you less when you did NOT act righteously.  

Having said the above, that God’s love does NOT decrease, on your unrighteous conduct, it does NOT mean that God approve of your wrongdoings or sins. Love and approval are NOT the same.  I love my children, but I do NOT approve of their conduct or ways when they are wrong. Also, for God, His love does NOT exclude Him from judging, for His love is still subjugated to His holiness (His most fundamental nature-attribute); and His holiness necessarily demands, and so, God judges.

For men, on the other hand, our love had, in the past, been distorted or corrupted, because of the Fall in the Garden of Eden.  We need to have entered into salvation, to start to be able to be loving with God’s kinda of love ('ahab love). We need to come to ginosko-know God, for God is love.  As the Amplified Bible version of 1 John 4:7 has shown us (quoted above), this is progressive, and so, too, our love will develop progressively.  And so, you and I have to move in the right direction for it to happen, i.e. that we must get to ginosko-know God more and more, and know the depth of His love. Mental assent alone is NOT sufficient, meaning, even the mere having of much knowledge of and the mere mental understanding of the Word are NOT sufficient.  Many people can be having biblical studies qualifications (even Masters and Phds), but if they ginosko-know NOT, God, they love NOT (with God’s kinda of love).


Anthony Chia, high.expressions

Comments are welcome here. Alternatively, email them to me @: high.expressions@gmail.com Or just email me your email address so that I can put you on my blog (new entry) notification list. To go back to blog main page, click here.

Monday, September 2, 2013

'ahab love – love unto righteousness

Instead of going straight into saying what is 'ahab love, let me say what I mean by love unto righteousness, which from time to time, readers would come across in my articles on my blog or my comments on blogs I follow.

Love unto righteousness
Love unto righteousness is referring to a party loving another in such a way, where there is no unrighteous element whatsoever in that love.  In such a love, righteousness is either fostered or maintained. 

The love of God for men is first of all, that way – love unto righteousness.  Meaning, God cannot love you and I, unrighteously or unto unrighteousness.  In fact, NOT only God cannot love you and I unrighteously, He must foster or maintain righteousness in (the party of) His love.  The fostering or maintaining of righteousness is with reference to men, for God Himself is holy and righteous, and God cannot act against His own nature, ultimately. 

In His love for us, He behooves us to righteousness or maintenance of righteousness.  In other words, you can’t, for example, expect God to accede to this request of yours, in the name of love, His love for you: “Lord, the sight of him irks me, if you love me, why don’t you cause him to fall into the dirty drain over there!”

Just because the sight of someone irks you, it is NOT righteous, is it, for you to get him to fall into the dirty drain!  When it is unrighteous, God cannot do it, and God cannot foster unrighteousness in you; He can only foster righteousness in you.  His love for you has to be loving you unto righteousness.  Why is this paramount?  Because that is the only way we can be with God in a love relation, for God is holy and righteous.

What is 'ahab love?
Yes, generally, you see me equating “love unto righteousness” to 'ahab love; what is 'ahab love?

'ahab (H157) is an Hebrew word for love.  This Hebrew word for love is found extensively in the OT (The OT was written in Hebrew, almost entirely; and the NT, in ancient Greek, mostly).  The Hebrew language is a rich language, and the way it was and is, is that a Hebrew word can have multiple meanings, NOT to mention the varying degrees of shade of a meaning.  'ahab is one such word, and in it, is the concept of love unto righteousness.  You can see it in the short-form Strong’s Lexicon, I am giving below:

'ahab (H157) – either love or like, and for love, it is broken down to:
human love for another, includes family, and sexual;
human appetite for objects such as food, drink, sleep, wisdom;
human love for or to God;
act of being a friend: lover (participle), friend (participle);
God's love toward man: to individual men, to people Israel, to righteousness;
lovely (participle), loveable (participle);
friends, lovers (fig. of adulterers).

From the underlined portion, you can see it – the love unto righteousness; God’s love for men is love unto righteousness; and men, to love God back, are also to love Him, righteously.

The direct linking of love unto righteousness by me to 'ahab love is solely because the Greek love word, agape, the equivalent love word used extensively in the NT (written in Greek), does NOT have the meaning of love unto righteousness, traditionally.

Why this righteousness element is missing from agape?
Why is it (this righteousness element) missing, or missed out in the Greek word, agape?  The ancient Greek language was of course from the Greek people, although in those times of writing, it was the scholarship language of even the Jews, meaning the authors themselves, not Greek, but they wrote in Greek. 

I submit to you this reason: The Greek (people)’s ancient cultural and historical religious beliefs background had NOT, that idea (love unto righteousness) comprised in love words.  In other words, it was one of the occasions of, “it was NOT the word to use, but the best (Greek) word to use”, when the non-Greek authors were writing in Greek. 

I argue for love unto righteousness to be imputed into “agape”, just as “sacrificial” and even “unconditional” were imputed into it, subsequent to the writing of the biblical books of the Bible, in this article: Agape’s meanings need to be expanded.

Until, it is widely accepted, love unto righteousness as part of agape love, I will still be referencing love unto righteousness as 'ahab love. 

It is NOT plucked from the air!
I do encourage you to read the article given above arguing for the imputing of “love unto righteousness” into agape. Just in case, people think I pluck this whole thing out of the air, I will give you the “pillars of love” found in both the OT and NT, and you can see for yourself if I am justified to build a case for the need to impute “love unto righteousness” as embodied in the Hebrew love word,'ahab, into the Greek love word, agape, before I end this article.

The love pillars:
OT:   Deu 6:5 - Love ('ahab) the LORD your God with all your heart and with 
        all your soul and with all your strength.

Lev 19:18 - " 'Do not seek revenge or bear a grudge against one of your people, but love ('ahab) your neighbor as yourself. I am the LORD.

NT:   Mark 12:30 - Love (agape/agapao) the Lord your God with all your heart and with all your soul and with all your mind and with all your strength.

         Mark 12:31 - The second is this: 'Love (agape/agapao) your neighbor as yourself.' There is no commandment greater than these."

Whether it is called 'ahab or agape, my revelation is that God’s kinda of love is firstly, love unto righteousness, and then, charitable, sacrificial, selfless, and to a good extent, unconditional.

It helps understanding, in knowing this
It, love unto righteousness ('ahab love) should help you, a bit more, in your understanding of God’s actions when you view them or the absence of them (actions by God), under the lens of love.  God’s love is sacrificial, but it is NOT unconditional all the time, for He can only love you and I, unto righteousness, ultimately.


Anthony Chia, high.expressions

Comments are welcome here. Alternatively, email them to me @: high.expressions@gmail.com Or just email me your email address so that I can put you on my blog (new entry) notification list. To go back to blog main page, click here.
 

Thursday, August 15, 2013

Why Cain’s offering was rejected, and Abel’s accepted

I was in a fellowship meeting, and was sharing about we need to love God back (and we need to absolutely love Him back), even as He first loved us and has continued to love us; a brethren then said that he had a question to ask.  Because I deferred to the “speaker” of the meeting, I did NOT answer this brother, as I was only sharing in connection to the message shared by the speaker which was centered on “God knows” as in He is omniscience. 

I shared about love, because there is the “God knows” as in He knows everything (omniscience), and there is the “God knows” as in He ginosko-knows (If you want to gain greater understanding of the different “know” words used in NT Scripture, go read this: “I don’t know you – Part I”).  I quoted 2 scriptures on the importance of the “God knowing us grounded from personal experience (with us)”; that is what ginosko (a Greek word for “know”) means.  They are John 10:14 – I am the good shepherd; I ginosko (know) my sheep, and my sheep ginosko (know) me; and 1 Cor 8:3 – And he who loves God is ginosko (known) by God.

This brother had the issue as spelt out in the title of this entry, bothering him, and so, took the chance to ask if there is an answer to the question posed – Why Cain’s offering was rejected, and Abel’s accepted; purportedly he was asking how does God love, and so, how are we to love Him back?  In other words, at the back of his mind, he was puzzled by how come, the love of God manifested forth as rejecting one and accepting the other.  It was indeed serious, for, subsequent to that rejection, Cain ended up killing Abel, and Cain got banished by God.

So, here, I would like to put down my thoughts.  Now, why did I say it as such (my thoughts); it is because there are different ideas expressed by interpreters of this Cain and Abel’s account, a very brief account.  Brief account generally poses difficulty to exegesis, for the lack of details mentioned; and some filling in the gaps and assumptions often become necessary.  The cautions are these: 1. Whatever filling in, of the gaps, and assumptions, they must be reasonable AND they must NOT in any way contradict what was plainly stated already in the account; 2. Interpretation must NOT be inconsistent with other scriptures and the overall counsel of the Word.  3.  Don’t manipulate to fit self-made doctrines/theology of the faith.

These are the relevant texts, from Scripture:

Genesis 4:1-10 (NIV) - 1 Adam lay with his wife Eve, and she became pregnant and gave birth to Cain. She said, "With the help of the LORD I have brought forth a man." 2a Later she gave birth to his brother Abel.

2b Now Abel kept flocks, and Cain worked the soil.3 In the course of time Cain brought some of the fruits of the soil as an offering to the LORD.4 But Abel brought fat portions from some of the firstborn of his flock. The LORD looked with favor on Abel and his offering, 5 but on Cain and his offering he did not look with favor. So Cain was very angry, and his face was downcast.

6 Then the LORD said to Cain, "Why are you angry? Why is your face downcast? 7 If you do what is right, will you not be accepted? But if you do not do what is right, sin is crouching at your door; it desires to have you, but you must master it."

8 Now Cain said to his brother Abel, "Let's go out to the field." And while they were in the field, Cain attacked his brother Abel and killed him.

9 Then the LORD said to Cain, "Where is your brother Abel?" "I don't know," he replied. "Am I my brother's keeper?" 10 The LORD said, "What have you done? Listen! Your brother's blood cries out to me from the ground.

Heb 11:4 (KJV) - By faith Abel offered unto God a more excellent sacrifice than Cain, by which he obtained witness that he was righteous, God testifying of his gifts: and by it he being dead yet speaketh.

1 John 3:12 (NIV) - Do not be like Cain, who belonged to the evil one and murdered his brother. And why did he murder him? Because his own actions were evil and his brother's were righteous.

Jude 1:10-11 - 10 Yet these men speak abusively against whatever they do not understand; and what things they do understand by instinct, like unreasoning animals--these are the very things that destroy them. 11 Woe to them! They have taken the way of Cain; they have rushed for profit into Balaam's error; they have been destroyed in Korah's rebellion.

Is it plainly just the sovereignty of God at work? Now, this is one proposition.  The proponents argued that God accepted one and rejected another; no reason needed to be given, and it is NOT fruitful to try to find out the reason.  Is it really solely due to the sovereignty of God?  Is the sovereignty of God quite correctly portrayed, when we attribute this case to reason of sovereignty?  Is there NOT another or other key attributes of God working together?

No doubt the key personhood attribute of God is “God is God”, and that means sovereignty is His and His alone, but at the same time, God is God firstly, also means He is the most wise or Wisdom, and so, things aren’t expected to be haphazard or decisions made for no realm or reason.  Furthermore, the key nature-hood attribute of God is Holiness; this definitely defines how God would make decisions and act.  We have to be careful if we too easily assign sovereignty as in there is no reason for a thing done, to explain issues. God has reasons, it is just we do NOT know; and when it is so, that we do NOT know, we have to accept that or pursue revelation, and NOT to be too presumptuous.  I, of course, hope I am NOT being too presumptuous here, for, later on, we will see, another proposition for the rejection, is that Cain was being presumptuous!

A little analogy:  Suppose I am the King, and I want to eat papaya, and I don’t want to eat durian, the king of fruits.  I want my papaya, and you are to give me papaya; I am exercising my sovereignty, for I am the King. 

If it were the other way round, I have been demanding for durians, and have been having durians for a while now, and NOT papaya; and now Mr Can and Mr Able come to me, and Mr Can gives me durians (that which I have been eating), and Mr Able, papaya, can I just say to Mr Can (durians), “you evildoer”, and Mr Able (papaya), “you done well”, and throw Mr Can into the dungeon and throw away the key!  Mr Can did wrong?! This is NOT God’s kinda of sovereignty, as far as I know.  It is more of tyranny!  So, don’t make God out to be the evil tyrant.  Or God faulting people out of whims and fancy!

Is it Cain’s offer was from cursed ground, and Abel, NOT? Now, this too, is a common proposition, but is it quite acceptable?  In my view, no!  What is meant by the secondary punishment that God cursed the ground that men would have to toil much to meet their needs?  No, it does NOT mean just the ground, as in the ground where we grow crops on!  If it were, if you go fishing, you need to toil NOT, and you would get loads of fish easily?  Today, if you are an agent taking booking for seats of spacecraft to go to the moon, for example, you are NOT doing anything that get to do with the ground, and you are NOT under the curse?  Or you are a stockbroker, buying and selling stocks and shares on the stock exchanges for your clients, you are excluded?  No.  And so, too, one who breeds livestock is NOT excluded from it.  For one thing, what do sheep and cattle feed on? Grass of the ground!  So, it is NOT Cain brought something from the ground, and Abel, NOT, per se, the reason for one being rejected and the other, accepted.

Is it one was a gardener, Cain, and the other, a flock keeper, Abel; occupation the issue?  Yes, it is written in Gen 4:2 that Cain worked the soil, and Abel, kept flocks, but there weren't others in the first family, apart from the parents, Adam and Eve; someone got to be working on the ground, to grow something for the vegetable side of the diet.  God, we know, did NOT ostracise or gave farmers a miss; Gideon was believed to be a wheat farmer before he was raised by God to be a Judge (Judges 6:11).  Good and honest occupations were (and are) never a problem to God – Moses was a shepherd (flock keeper); Gideon, a farmer; a few of the disciple-apostles of Jesus, fishermen.

Is it quality of the offerings, the problem?  Now, if we mean Cain brought in, NOT the best of the fruits, maybe there was a case to talk about, but if we are comparing fruits with fats portion in terms of quality, I think that is comparing apple with orange, so to speak.

So, did Cain bring in, NOT the best of the fruits, and Abel, brought in the best of the flocks?  What was said there, was that Cain brought in some fruits as the offering, and Abel, the fats portion from some of his firstborns of the flocks.  It is possible to say, Cain just took some fruits, NOT carefully picking the best of the fruits, to include in his offering.  Abel, could be argued to have taken the trouble to select the firstborns, and took the fats portion thereof. 

One question to ask would be, “Had Abel also just brought in fats portion of some other borns (borns other than firstborns) and offered it up, would it make the 2 offerings, Cain and Abel’s equivalent?”  The point is that “firstborn” was recorded for us, for a reason, even if we may or may NOT know the reason.  Otherwise, it could have been recorded for us, as simply, Abel brought in some fats portion or fats portion from the flocks.  Perhaps, there was even significance to the “fats portion”; otherwise, it could have just said, Abel brought in some meat or brought in a sheep or a goat as offering.  The reasonable deduction is that Cain missed something, maybe more than one, while Abel got enough thing(s) right.

If quality was the issue, I submit to you, it would be best if we define quality; and it should be: “a quality offering is one that would meet the requirement”.  We will talk about requirement, in our next section.

Is it one meeting requirement and the other, NOT?  I have already hinted before, above, and I will say it again, I do NOT believe God is whimsical or our God is a capricious God.  When the person is whimsical or capricious, and He is God, that would be a formula for a very evil tyrant!  I don’t believe my God is such; if you do, your God, then what’s the point of following after such a god!  “Boy, you will NOT even know how or when, you would get hacked to death!” goes a colloquial saying, here, over this part of the world. 

No, God is NOT like that; He is God, first of all; He is Holiness, first of all, also!  And, He is Wisdom, and He is righteousness.  Scripture, in Ps 89:14a and Ps 97:2, said that the foundation of God throne or rule is justice and righteousness.  It is NOT anyhow, and without order, for God is order.  Our God, as portrayed in Scripture, is a God of demand and order.  How can God have no demand; how can Holiness have no demand; how can Wisdom have no demand; and how can it be righteousness, if there is no demand.  I think people are engaging in self-deluding fantasy in painting to us, God is without demand and order.  Chaos is what you will get if God is chaotic!

Remember the durian-guy (Mr Can) and the papaya-guy (Mr Able), I talked about above.  In the example above, had the King NOT given any clue as to what He wanted, durians or papaya or whatever fruit, how in the world are these 2 fellows to know what to bring before the King.  If the King left them no choice, Mr Can and Mr Able would look for clue(s) to bet their lives on.  Despite the absence of mention, it is therefore reasonable to assume some clues had been given, as to what God would be happy with, as offerings, the children of the first family could bring to Him.

Perhaps, Adam and Eve had had on occasions brought offerings to God, and the children were aware, or even witnessed them.  Or perhaps, the parents had told them about such things as offerings to be made to God.  Or perhaps, God Himself revealed certain hints or clues to the children directly or indirectly.  Or maybe, even, God had been specific and laid down some requirements, in the past.  The Word of God, His communications (NOT just words, but included others, like signs and wonders, signals, etc.) and testimonies of Him, they are knowledge of Him that we are to take note of.  These are what I meant as “clues” given.

Before I bring an important key from the Book of Hosea to bear on this account, let me say that, some revelation was available; but what exactly, was the revelation, was beside the point!  In other words, it matters NOT, if for Cain, it was pointing to the best pulp from the “firstborn” fruits (or firstfruits), and for Abel, fats portion from the firstborn flocks, or it was a case of a one “type” of offering for both, like it was to be fats portion, or blood sacrifice, as some have suggested (In my view, there was nothing to suggest the offering MUST be blood sacrifice. The Hebrew used for the offering word was NOT indicative of such, also).

What is this important key from the Book of Hosea?  This is what we read in Hosea 4:6 and 6:6 –

Hosea 4:6 (KJV) - My people are destroyed for lack of knowledge: because thou hast rejected knowledge, I will also reject thee, that thou shalt be no priest to me: seeing thou hast forgotten the law of thy God, I will also forget thy children.

Hosea 6:6 (KJV) - For I desired mercy, and not sacrifice; and the knowledge of God more than burnt offerings.

We can see (from Hosea 6:6), the knowledge of Hosea 4:6 is in fact referring more, to the knowledge of God (or the faith), and NOT any knowledge.  God’s people can get destroyed for lack of knowledge of God or the faith.  And often, it is that people have rejected such knowledge, or they could have been NOT bothered with such.

I submit to you, both Cain and Abel were surrounded by the same presence of knowledge of God; there were only 4 persons in the first household then – Adam and Eve, and these 2 sons, Cain and Abel.  It is reasonable to assume both Cain and Abel had equal access opportunities as to the knowledge of God; the sources of which, I had elaborated above, including the lives of their parents, Adam and Eve.

Hosea 4:6 said if you reject knowledge, which could mean you could NOT be bothered with it, God could reject you, saying “thou shall be no priest to me”.  What is one of the things that priests do?  Make offerings.  What happened at the Genesis 4 account?  Cain was rejected of his offering.

I want to draw our attention to the author of the Book of Hebrew’s mention of the account, in Heb 11:4 (KJV) - By faith Abel offered unto God a more excellent sacrifice than Cain, by which he obtained witness that he was righteous, God testifying of his gifts: and by it he being dead yet speaketh.

It said “By faith Abel offered”; it means that Abel exercised faith in his offering to God.  Faith is NOT spelt “F A C T S”, it is “F A I T H” (or you have seen it said – “R I S K”).  People give various opposites to faith; but I have NOT seen one putting it as facts.  When it is a fact, there is no faith involved.  It is just like, it is either you SEE or you are BLIND, “see” and “blind” don’t go together.   So, if it is a fact, no more question of exercising faith, and if it is faith, it is NOT yet a fact.  And so, for faith there is theoretically an element of risk; that is why some say, faith is spelt as “risk”. 

We deal with God always in FAITH, if we choose to.  It is NOT, “in FACT”, as a whole, for we have yet the full mind of God directly (No, the one verse in Scripture, where it said we have the mind of Christ, it does NOT mean directly we have the mind of God – I will NOT explain here; it is a separate exposition). We are expected to deal with God in faith, for Scripture said in Heb 11:6, without faith it is impossible to please God; in Rom 14:23, it is said that, that which proceeded NOT from faith, is sin.

Pertaining to the account of Genesis 4, although NOT mentioned, like I said and elaborated, it is NOT unreasonable to assume, there was knowledge of God accessible in the setting, and this is very important, for faith is of two components - a right belief and a conviction thereof.  

What is a right belief?  A right belief is a belief in the knowledge of God - a truth of God, a word of God, a communication of God, a will of God or an instruction of God.  A right belief is NOT what you think; it is your believing what God said or His truths. 

Remember, I said earlier that one of the propositions is that Cain had been presumptuous.  Now, when we think or say (and so, accordingly do), “God doesn’t mind”, and there is no support for that, from the knowledge of God, we are being presumptuous.  Perhaps, Cain had thought, “God doesn’t mind, I will just give Him some fruits, any fruits; after all He could just speak the word, and He could get whatever fruits He wants; I  will just give Him some fruits, that’s it.”  If against the backdrop of the knowledge of God then, there was no support of that, and I believe there was no such support, then Cain had been presumptuous.  We can say Cain was being presumptuous, but I prefer to say the more sufficient answer is to connect the presumptuousness back to faith.

How is faith and presumptuousness connected?  If want another opposite of faith, it is being presumptuous.  To be with faith, is NOT to be presumptuous; and to be presumptuous is to be, NOT with faith (or without faith).  At the centre of faith is the knowledge of God; at the centre of presumptuousness is the ignoring of the knowledge of God or without the knowledge of God.  In other words, Abel was making the offering by faith; Cain, NOT by faith or by presumption.

King David understood the peril of presumptuousness.  We read this in Ps 19:13 (KJV) - Keep back thy servant also from presumptuous sins; let them not have dominion over me: then shall I be upright, and I shall be innocent from the great transgression.

We come back to what I have said as “A right belief is NOT what you think; it is your believing what God said or His truths.”  For example, you may think all you want, that it is alright to steal; that cannot be a right belief, for God said, “Thou shall NOT steal” (one of the 10 Commandments). 

Faith is right belief with conviction.  If the conviction is NOT strong, your belief in the matter is NOT strong, and it is likely you will NOT launch into the action consistent with that belief; we say the faith is NOT yet operative.  When the conviction has busted the inaction threshold, you go into action, and we have a faith in action or operative faith or a living faith (and NOT a dead faith). 

When you could easily put off doing the thing consistent with the right belief, it means the belief conviction is NOT strong; your faith is weak or you have ineffective faith or in the extreme, you are in unbelief or without faith in the matter.  Many people let a little inconvenience and a little cost put them off, from doing what faith calls for; their faith in the matter is just too weak.

Some may argue that even if Cain, by faith, trusted that God had wanted fats portion as offering, he could NOT give it, for he was a farmer; the brother, Abel had the flocks.  My answer is that, still that does NOT mean he could NOT come up with the offering.  He could have barter-traded with Abel for the required animal offering; or he could have offered some form of payment to Abel for it.  It was NOT excuse enough, I would say.  Talking about this, King David said, “I will not sacrifice to the LORD my God burnt offerings that cost me nothing”, and had insisted to pay for the Araunah threshing floor (to build the altar on) and the oxen (for the burnt offering) (2 Sam 24:24).

I submit to you, Cain did NOT come close to the requirement of the offering because he had NOT come close to the requirement of “by faith”; Abel did.  The issue is the faith of Cain; one or both components of the faith unit was faulty; it was either the belief was wrong, because he lacked the knowledge (for example, that fats portion was called for) or rejected it or couldn’t be bothered with it, or his belief was right, but the conviction thereof was weak, and he allowed excuses for himself for NOT doing the right thing.  God actually explained it to Cain, in verse 7 of Genesis 4: - If you do what is right, will you not be accepted? But if you do not do what is right, sin is crouching at your door; it desires to have you, but you must master it."

I submit to you, it is reasonable to assume both Cain and Able was able to come to the faith, NOT fact, that fats portion was called for (or even if, for Cain, it was something else).  Cain did NOT reach that faith, and it was his fault; Abel did. 

It could even have been a much earlier and so, more serious fault of Cain of NOT wanting to pay attention to the matter of knowledge of God, and so, missed or could NOT reach the belief that fats portion was called for (or the something else, for Cain’s part).  This need to pay attention to the matter of knowledge of God, in itself is a faith subject matter, and if Cain or us, did (do) NOT build up our conviction, and allow excuses to prevent us from paying attention, our disinterested attitude, it too, is subject to the same warning words of God as in verse 7 of Genesis 4.  Abel did come to the “fats portion” called for, by FAITH (NOT by facts), as said in Heb 11:4. 

Actually, Cain was NOT punished by God for his offering; it was just that God rejected it (did NOT look upon it with favour).  The stress was NOT the burnt offering (fats offerings were burnt to give the aroma as incense unto God), per se, for that occasion; that was why no punishment was meted out except the rejection of the offering, for God was, as in Hosea 6:6 pointed out - more wanting to teach this: “For I desired ….. the knowledge of God more than burnt offerings.”

Next, I feel it is necessary to talk a little more, on the Heb 11:4 text on the account - By faith Abel offered unto God a more excellent sacrifice than Cain, by which he obtained witness that he was righteous, God testifying of his gifts: and by it he being dead yet speaketh.

Going by faith, will any time, leads to more excellent sacrifice or offering or works for God.  You should be able to understand this, as you have noted how faith is comprised (I explained above).  Knowledge of God is in faith; action by faith is action with the knowledge of God.  Prov 29:18a said to us that without (vision) revelation from God, the people perish (vision here is NOT necessarily goal, some people mis-preached this; it is revelation).  We need revelation from God, for revelation from God gives us knowledge of God, the substance of belief (or what I called right belief), and so, the vital component of faith; without which we cannot please God (Heb 11:6); and we would be in sin, quite easily (Gen 4:7; Rom 14:23), which can lead to our destruction. 

The author of Hebrew, in that Heb 11:4 text ,said that Abel was counted righteous.  What is the simple definition of righteous?  It is this: being right on, as to what God wants done, and being right on, as to when God wants it done.  Being counted righteous or even righteousness always goes with operative faith (NOT non-operative faith or dead faith; faith without works is dead).  It is faith, NOT fact, leading to being counted righteous; when it is fact, it is already over.  To take note is that, it said there, it was God who was the witness; in other words, righteous or NOT righteous, is weighed against God’s will and desires (NOT men's or another).

What about the last bit “and by it he being dead yet speaketh.”  The “it” there was referring to “he (Abel) being counted as righteous by God”.  God does NOT forsake the righteous; and so, the dead righteous Abel "spoke", and God gave ear.  The psalmist, King David, said this, in Ps 37:25 – “I was young and now I am old, yet I have never seen the righteous forsaken or their children begging bread.”  Not only does this able to hold true in our mortal lives, it holds true past death.  God gave ear to Abel’s (spirited) soul, after death (murdered by Cain).

There is also this 1 John 3:12 text, put up there, at the beginning of this article, that has the account referred to. 1 John 3:12 (NIV) - Do not be like Cain, who belonged to the evil one and murdered his brother. And why did he murder him? Because his own actions were evil and his brother's were righteous.

Why did Cain murder Abel?  It said there because Cain’s own actions were evil, and those of Abel were righteous.  The actions of both, included that particular action of making the offering to God as depicted in Genesis 4 were referred to.  Those of Cain were evil and those of Abel were righteous. 

God said in Genesis 4:7, that if we do not do what is right, sin is crouching at our door; it desires to have us.  That was precisely what happened, Cain’s NOT doing what were right (probably NOT just that occasion) made him vulnerable to be had by sin; eventually sin had him and he became belonging to the evil one, and he ended up murdering Abel who went about living by faith (leading to righteous actions, and so, as the offering incident showed, was counted righteous by God). 

The evil one is Satan; in John 10:10a, it is said Satan came to steal, kill and destroy.  And in 1 Pet 5:8, we read that Satan is like a roaring lion roaming and seeking to devour whom he may devour.  If we do NOT do what is right, he can be crouching at our door!

Now, this account is interesting for the reason that all of these, the offering incident and the subsequent murdering of Abel by Cain, happened so very early in the genealogy of Man, in the very first family, between the first natural children of the Adam and Eve after the Fall. I submit to you, we can be targeted by the evil one; even as a believer with the imputed righteousness of Christ Jesus, and so, we are still to live and act righteous.  Genesis 4:7 is a reminder for us all to live righteous for if we don’t, sin is crouching at our door; it desires to have us, and if we do NOT master it, it will master us once again. 

In 1 John 3:7, the Apostle John reminded us, in this regard: “Dear children, do not let anyone lead you astray. He who does what is right is righteous, just as he {Jesus} is righteous.” Jesus was (and is) righteous yet He too had to live righteous (when He walked the earth). We likewise have to do the same.  That is what this 1 John 3:7 is saying.

Now, instead of heeding God’s warning in Genesis 4:7 to master over sin, sin mastered Cain, and he ended up murdering his brother, Abel, and he was unrepentant when confronted by God.  God punished Cain; banished Cain, and put a further curse of hardship on him in terms of toiling for his needs.  The refusal of Cain to live by faith, which necessitated the pursuing of the knowledge of God, had led to Cain being banished, and that too, put the descendants of Cain away from God.  Even Hosea 4:6, the last bit of the verse, had the warning – “I will also reject thee, that thou shalt be no priest to me: seeing thou hast forgotten the law of thy God, I will also forget thy children.” So, let this be a warning – we have to live by faith.  The righteous shall live by faith, said Heb 10:38.

Since there is still one last text having mention of Cain - Jude 1:11, I will address that too, before we end.  Jude 1:10-11, you can re-read it above; Cain’s way is only mentioned as one of the 3, and so, its link to the preceding verses of Jude 1, is NOT so strong; in other words, Cain’s way was NOT meant to explain all of what was said, preceding to the citation of the 3 incidents/happenings (Cain’s way; Balaam’s way; and Korah’s way).  Elements of Cain’s way applying was that Cain was NOT with knowledge of God (and so, faith), either he rejected it or couldn’t be bothered with it. 

Knowledge of God needs to be laid hold of, and that means exercised in operative faith, which Cain failed to do.  Absence or ignoring of the knowledge of God, and so, would NOT be operating in faith, men (such men as Cain) default to going by knowledge from carnal instinct, that they would end up being presumptuous, and this very presumptuousness is what would destroy them.

With all of the above, what have we said as to why Cain’s offering was rejected, while Abel’s, accepted?  It was due to Cain NOT living and acting by faith, which necessitated pursuing the knowledge of God, which is an essential element or component of faith, and without faith, he could NOT be righteous, and could NOT meet the requirement of the offering in question.  Abel, on the other hand, by faith, offered the offering that is right on, with what God wanted. 

How does this speak of how God’s love was, in the incident, or is, to us all?  Here is NOT the place to expound at length, on this subject of God’s love, but I will briefly lay it down: 

The love of God for men, is `ahab love, and an important essence of it, is  “love unto righteousness”.  It means God cannot anyhow love you and I; He can only ultimately love us unto righteousness.  He can only move to love us in line with His righteousness; or we say His love can promote only, righteousness in us; if it does NOT, he moves NOT.  Cain was NOT righteous, and so, God could NOT approve of him and his offering, in love.  Abel, on the other hand, was righteous, for he lived and acted by faith, and so, God could approve of him and his offering, in love. God is firstly holiness, and His love is subjugated to His holiness. He cannot love evil and he cannot approve in love, you and I, when we are evil or doing evil.   When we continue in evil, it is we making ourselves out of range of God’s love, and it is NOT God does NOT want to love us.
 

Anthony Chia, high.expressions
 
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